“Gopal and the Hilsa-Fish” is a funny comic story. The king is tired of everyone talking about hilsa-fish. He asks Gopal to buy one without anyone noticing it. Gopal uses a clever trick by looking mad. In the end, he wins and makes the king happy. 1. Introduction to the Story 2. The King’s Problem […]
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A Gift of Chappals” is about Mridu visiting her cousins in Chennai. Ravi shows her a kitten they’re hiding and tells a funny story about it. They hear Lalli’s bad violin playing, then see a beggar with sore feet. The kids give him the music-master’s chappals, making Rukku Manni angry. In the end, she laughs
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This is a story by Leo Tolstoy, retold in simple words. It tells about a king who wants answers to three big questions. The king thought he would never fail if he knew these answers. He believed they would help him rule better. The three questions were: 2. The King Seeks Answers The king sent
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This chapter tells about new political powers in India from 1707 to 1761. It starts with the Mughal Empire getting weak after Aurangzeb. Then it shows how Rajputs, Sikhs, Marathas, and Jats made their own states. The British also grew strong in the east by 1765. It explains how these changes happened fast in the
This chapter is about how people loved God in different ways and different ways of devotion. It starts with the idea of one Supreme God long ago. Then it tells about south India saints like Nayanars and Alvars. It also shows Sufis, Kabir, and Guru Nanak spreading bhakti in the north. All these paths mixed
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This chapter tells how regional cultures grew in India. It starts with languages like Malayalam in Kerala with the Cheras. Then it shows how rulers shaped cultures, like Jagannatha in Orissa and Rajputs in Rajasthan. It also covers arts like Kathak dance, miniatures, and Bengal’s language and temples. All these came from mixing local and
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This chapter tells about new powers in India from 1707 to 1761. It starts with the Mughal Empire getting weak after Aurangzeb. Then it shows how Rajputs, Sikhs, Marathas, and Jats made their own states. The British also grew strong in the east by 1765. It explains how these changes happened fast in the eighteenth
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This chapter starts with how kingdoms changed India long ago. It then explains tribal societies living outside caste rules in forests and hills. We learn about big tribes like Gonds and Ahoms, and nomads like Banjaras who moved goods. It shows how tribes mixed with castes and made states. Finally, it sums up their impact
This chapter explains about kings and kingdoms in India from the seventh to twelfth centuries. It shows how new families like Cholas and Rashtrakutas became rulers. We learn how they ran their kingdoms and collected taxes. They fought wars for wealth and built big temples too. It’s all about how power and life changed in
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History is not static—it changes through time, influenced by geography, culture, and technology. Between 700 and 1750 CE, the Indian subcontinent witnessed dramatic shifts in politics, society, religion, and economy. This article explores these transformations, from shifting map boundaries to the rise of new empires and religions. 1. Maps and Changes Over Time 2. New
This chapter takes us to deserts, where life is tough with little water. It talks about the hot Sahara in Africa and the cold Ladakh in India. We see how people face burning heat or freezing cold every day. It tells about the plants, animals, and how folks live there. It shows how they manage
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This chapter tells us how people live with nature in hot tropical and subtropical regions. It starts with Renuka, who loves wildlife because of her uncle, a photographer. We learn about the Amazon Basin, full of rainforests and rivers, and the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin with its plains and hills. It shows how people grow food, build
Water is an essential part of our daily lives, appearing in rivers, rainfall, and even the taps we use. This chapter explores the journey of water, beginning with a simple question—where does it go when puddles dry up? The concept of the water cycle is introduced, explaining key processes like evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. Water
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Air explores the Earth’s atmosphere—its composition, structure, and significance to life on our planet. This chapter provides an in-depth understanding of the various gases that make up the atmosphere, including nitrogen, oxygen, and trace gases like carbon dioxide and argon. It explains structure of the atmosphere, comprising the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere, each
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