Unit I: What is AI – How does AI Work?
What is Intelligence?
Intelligence is the mental ability that helps us think, learn, and solve problems. When you recognize a friend’s face, solve a math puzzle, or learn to ride a bicycle, you are using your intelligence.
Activity: Fill in the Blanks
Can you find the 3 words related to human intelligence?
- _h_nk → Think
- L_a_n → Learn
- S_lv_ P_ob_e_s → Solve Problems
Human Intelligence is our mental ability to take decisions, solve problems, and learn new things.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a machine’s ability to take decisions, solve problems, and learn like a human being. AI refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines, enabling them to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
How Does AI Work?
AI takes in lots of information and uses that information to do something useful. For example:
- Hurricane Prediction: AI uses data like wind speed, moisture, and pressure levels to predict where hurricanes will strike
- Room Cleaning: AI robots can clean your room by understanding the space
- Self-Driving Cars: AI helps cars drive themselves
- Playing Chess: AI can play and even beat humans at chess
Automation and Artificial Intelligence
What is Automation?
Automation involves using technology, machines, or systems to execute tasks with little to no human involvement.
Examples:
- Automatic washing machines
- Sensor-activated doors
- Automated escalators
Imp Differences Between AI and Automation
| Automation | Artificial Intelligence |
|---|---|
| Machines work on their own | Machines think on their own |
| Makes physical work easy (lifting, folding, moving) | Makes mental work easy (predicting weather, suggesting dishes) |
| Example: Washing Machine, Printer | Example: Face unlock, Self-driving car, Siri |
Applications of AI in Everyday Life
1. YouTube Video Suggestions
YouTube’s AI keeps track of videos you watch to know your likes and dislikes. Once you have watched a few videos, AI suggests other videos you might like based on your interests.
2. Google Maps Navigation
- Google Maps uses AI to find new places
- Provides step-by-step directions
- Shows traffic information and travel duration
- Displays the shortest path to reach your destination
3. Digital Assistants (Alexa, Siri, Google Assistant)
- Use AI to understand human language
- Can tell jokes, answer questions, and play music
- Machines use speakers to make sound and microphones to listen
4. Self-Driving Cars
Self-driving cars can drive safely with little or no human help. AI sees the world through cameras and understands the movement of people, vehicles, and traffic signals, just like a human driver.
5. AI-Assisted Fitness Apps
- Use AI to identify human body shape using cameras
- Guide users to the correct body shape for each exercise
- Help correct mistakes while exercising
6. AI in Music (AI Duet)
AI Duet listens to notes you play and responds by playing its own notes based on all the music it has heard.
7. AI in Art (Style Transfer)
AI can combine two images – taking the content from one image and the style from another to create unique artwork.
Activity Solutions
Match the Following – AI Applications
- Image: Child with digital assistant → B. Digital Assistants – Alexa, Siri, etc
- Image: Phone with map → C. Navigation – Google Maps
- Image: Video thumbnails → A. Recommendation System – YouTube video suggestions
Quiz Answers: Artificial Intelligence vs Automation
- What is the primary goal of artificial intelligence?
- Answer: b) To create systems that can mimic human intelligence
- Which of the following is NOT a subfield of artificial intelligence?
- Answer: c) Data Entry
- What is human intelligence?
- Answer: c) Both a and b (ability to take decisions/solve problems AND learn new things)
- Fill in the blank: Intelligence helps humans to ___________
- Answer: b) Solve problems
- What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
- Answer: b) Machines simulating human intelligence to make decisions and solve problems
- What is the main objective of automation?
- Answer: c) To mechanize repetitive tasks
- Which of the following is an example of automation in finance?
- Answer: b) Automated billing systems
- What does automation aim to achieve in manufacturing?
- Answer: c) Streamline workflows
- What is the primary benefit of automation in customer service?
- Answer: c) Improving response time
- Which of the following is an example of Artificial Intelligence?
- Answer: b) A self-driving car navigating traffic
- Which property makes AI different from automation?
- Answer: a) AI makes machines think like humans
Unit II: AI and Other Technologies – Domains of AI
Three Domains in AI
Just like humans see the world, understand language, and work with numbers, AI also works in three main areas:
Activity Solution: Match the Domains
- Many images collage → A. Natural Language Processing
- Word cloud with languages → B. Statistical Data
- Colorful numbers → C. Computer Vision
Correct Matching:
- Images/Photos → Computer Vision
- Languages/Text → Natural Language Processing
- Numbers → Statistical Data
Computer Vision
Computer Vision is a domain of AI which lets machines see and understand images and videos, the same way a human being does.
How Does Computer Vision Work?
- Computers learn from looking at thousands of images (example: thousands of dog images)
- They identify patterns in images (number of eyes, ears, nose, limbs, tail length, body shape)
- When a new image appears, computers compare it to identified patterns to understand what it is
Imp Applications of Computer Vision
1. Facial Recognition
Used in smart cities, smart homes, and schools for security and attendance systems. AI can recognize faces and maintain visitor logs.
2. Face Filters
Apps like Instagram and Snapchat use Computer Vision to identify facial features and apply filters in real-time.
3. Google Search by Image
AI compares features of your input image with a database to provide search results.
4. Self-Driving Cars
Computer Vision helps cars see roads, pedestrians, vehicles, and traffic signals to drive safely.
5. AI Fitness Apps
Computer Vision identifies body positions and guides users to perform exercises correctly.
Activity: AI Duet
AI Duet is an interactive music tool where:
- You play notes on a virtual piano
- AI listens to your music
- AI responds with its own melody
- Creates a musical duet between human and machine
Activity: Stylize Image (Neural Style Transfer)
This activity combines the content of one image with the artistic style of another.
Example Question from PDF:
Look at Image 1 (beach with palms) and Image 2 (colorful painting style). When combined, they create Image 3 with the beach content in painting style.
Activity: Birthday Card with Auto-Draw
Auto-draw AI helps create designs by:
- You draw roughly
- AI recognizes what you’re trying to draw
- AI suggests professional versions
- You select and customize
Quiz Solutions: AI-Driven Solutions
- What is artificial intelligence (AI)?
- Answer: c) The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines
- Which is an example of AI-driven solution in everyday life?
- Answer: d) All of the above
- What is the primary goal of AI-driven solutions in healthcare?
- Answer: b) To improve patient outcomes and streamline healthcare processes
- Which AI technology allows machines to understand human language?
- Answer: a) Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- What do recommendation systems use AI for?
- Answer: b) Recommending products or content based on user preferences
- What does AI Duet allow users to do?
- Answer: a) Create music by playing a piano with an AI
- What do chatbots use AI for?
- Answer: c) Conversing with users in natural language
- Which AI technology interprets visual information?
- Answer: c) Computer Vision
- What information does Google Maps provide?
- Answer: b) Traffic data and shortest travel path
- Which statement about AI-driven solutions is true?
- Answer: b) AI solutions can analyze large datasets and identify patterns
Quiz Solutions: AI Domains
- What is the purpose of Computer Vision in AI?
- Answer: b) To enable machines to see and understand images and videos
- How does Computer Vision identify objects like a dog?
- Answer: a) By identifying patterns in the image such as eyes, ears, and body shape
- Why are there different domains in AI?
- Answer: b) Different types of data require different AI techniques
- Which is NOT one of the main domains of AI?
- Answer: c) Quantum Computing
- Which domain enables machines to understand human language?
- Answer: d) Natural Language Processing
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